1. [31][32] House posts were carved by the Coast Salish and were more common than the free-standing totem poles seen in Northern cultural groups. [18] With renewed interest in Native arts and traditions in the 1960s and 1970s, freshly carved totem poles were erected up and down the coast, while related artistic production was introduced in many new and traditional media, ranging from tourist trinkets to masterful works in wood, stone, blown and etched glass, and other traditional and non-traditional media.

[3][4] The poles are typically carved from the highly rot-resistant trunks of Thuja plicata trees (popularly known as giant cedar or western red cedar), which eventually decay in the moist, rainy climate of the coastal Pacific Northwest. Between 1830 and 1880, the maritime fur trade, mining, and fisheries gave rise to an accumulation of wealth among the coastal peoples. Totem poles are monuments created by First Nations of the Pacific Northwest to represent and commemorate ancestry, histories, people, or events. So what exactly did they mean and how were they used? [31] The pole's purpose is to honor the deceased person and identify the relative who is taking over as his successor within the clan and the community. For a useful list of truth and fiction about totem poles, please visit author Pat Kramer’s website here, or the Tyee’s excellent article “Totem Poles: Myth and Fact.”. “Totem Poles: Myth and Fact.” The Tyee. For a good visual reference of different totem pole styles, please refer to this photographic collection [PDF] produced by the Royal B.C. Animal masks, their features elongated and formalized, are…. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. (1961), Jonaitis, Aldona. [32], This type of pole, which usually stands in front of a clan house, is erected about a year after a person has died.
Less commonly, some First Nations carved “shame poles” to ridicule neighbouring groups who had unpaid debts. The freestanding poles seen by the region's first European explorers were likely preceded by a long history of decorative carving. Traditionally, the memorial pole has one carved figure at the top, but an additional figure may also be added at the bottom of the pole. They tell the stories of those families and clans they represent, which could be myths or legends, or something that happened to a person the totem pole is honouring.

canvas_width = 200; Apache and Cherokee tribes, for example, boast no historically authentic totem poles.

Next, the side of the tree to be carved is chosen and the back half of the tree is removed.

Totem poles are typically created out of red cedar, a malleable wood relatively abundant in the Pacific Northwest, and would be erected to be visible within a community. The poles usually last from 60 to 80 years; only a few have stood longer than 75 years, and even fewer have reached 100 years of age. drawtocanvas = "infovisviz_8c6fae643be7a2253d23b4d9cc3ce422"; Notable collections of totem poles on display include these sites: Barbeau, "Totem Poles: According to Crests and Topics", p. 5. After American soldiers at the fort and aboard the Lincoln provided protection to the Tongass group against its rival, the Kagwantans, the Tongass group commissioned the Lincoln pole to commemorate the event. connection_depth = 6; The symbols on the totems tend to be a variety of native animals. It may include a recessed back to hold the grave box.

The owners of a collapsed pole may commission a new one to replace it.
[70], Raising a totem pole is rarely done using modern methods, even for poles installed in modern settings. The pole had been taken without consent by an Indian Agent who sold it to a Swedish museum. In the late 1980s, the remaining carved poles were sent to various museums for preservation, with the then park board commissioning and loaning replacement carvings.

[34] The Lincoln pole at Saxman commemorates the end of hostilities between two rival Tlingit clans and symbolizes the hope for peace and prosperity following the American occupation of the Alaskan territory. [28], This type of pole, usually 20 to 40 ft (6 to 12 m) tall[29] is the most decorative. Louisa Smith, a spokesperson for the Haisla chief, summed up the emotion of the day: “The repatriation of the G’psgolox totem pole has been a journey of a hundred years and thousands of miles…Our children and future generations will be able to see, touch and feel a piece of their history, reclaimed by a nation against all odds.”18. Poles are carved from cedar and typically are between 3 feet and 60 feet tall. Totem pole, carved and painted log, mounted vertically, constructed by the Indians of the Northwest Coast of the United States and Canada. [32], Memorial poles may also commemorate an event. 8  Roy Henry Vickers, Spirit Transformed: A Journey from Tree to Totem (Vancouver: Raincoat Books, 1996), 26. Totem poles originated among the native people in the Pacific northwest section of North America, though the custom of poles was passed to other tribes.


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