The key difference between copper hydroxide and copper oxychloride is that copper hydroxide is an inorganic compound, while copper oxychloride is an organic compound. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/201211 Data gaps were identified for additional validation data for oily and dry commodities and for an ILV for plants. It is recommended that this conclusion report and its background documents would not be accepted to support any registration outside the EU, for which the applicants has not demonstrated that it has regulatory access to the information on which this conclusion report is based. 1996, 34, 73–78. 1986, C42(10), 1277-80. The RMS provided its initial evaluation of the dossier on copper compounds in the RAR, which was received by EFSA on 16 December 2016 (France, 2016). Ed. & Tech. There are four crystallographically independent Cu atoms in the asymmetric unit. ) It is noted that the available guidance in the area of pesticide active substance environmental risk assessment do not specifically cover metal compounds. EFSA also provided comments. [4][5][6], Botallackite crystallizes in monoclinic with space group P21/m. [20], Atacamite and paratacamite crystal forms of Cu2(OH)3Cl have been found to be active species in supported CuCl2 catalyst systems for the oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate. Data were submitted to conclude that the representative uses of the copper compounds proposed at central and southern EU level result in a sufficient fungicidal and bactericidal efficacy against the target organisms. It cannot be excluded that these representative uses included uses in non‐permanent greenhouse; the risk assessment was performed accordingly. The reliable end points appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Zhang, Z.; Ma, X.; Zhang, P.; Li, Y.; Wang, S. Effect of treatment temperature on the crystal structure of activated carbon supported CuCl2–PdCl2 catalysts in the oxidative carbonylation of ethanol to diethyl carbonate. During the experts’ meeting, the use of the Biotic Ligand Model for the normalisation of the end points to be used in the risk assessment was discussed. The minimum purities of tribasic copper sulfate technical material manufactured by Albaugh, Cinkarna, Manica, Nufarm and UPL are 518 g/kg, 540 g/kg, 530 g/kg, 543 g/kg (dry weight basis) and 490 g/kg, respectively, all expressed as total copper content. From the results of a study of adsorption in European arable and grazing land soils (Janik et al., 2015), that were presented in the RAR, it was indicated that copper exhibited medium mobility to immobility in soil. It decomposes above 220 °C with elimination of hydrochloric acid to oxides of copper. 1), 265. This condition was linked mostly to onsite preparation of Bordeaux mixture, as a copper sulfate solution neutralised with hydrated lime, and to application techniques at higher rates than those used in modern agriculture. Mater. The two different types of octahedron are edge-linked to form a three-dimensional framework with the [Cu(OH)5Cl] octahedron cross-linking the [Cu(OH)4Cl2] octahedron layers parallel to (110) (Figure 1). Spectrochimica acta. Pollard, A. M.; Thomas, R. G.; Williams, P. A. Synthesis and stabilities of the basic copper (II) chlorides atacamite, paratacamite, and botallackite. Product with good particle size is produced and can be easily separated from background salt and other impurities in the mother liquor. With regard to the endocrine disruption potential, as discussed in Section 2, it is unlikely that copper compounds are an endocrine disruptor in mammals. Version 4.1, June 2015, Conclusion regarding the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance copper compounds, Guidance on Risk Assessment for Birds and Mammals on request from EFSA, Submission of scientific peer‐reviewed open literature for the approval of pesticide active substances under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of confirmatory data submitted for the active substance Copper (I), copper (II) variants namely copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, tribasic copper sulfate, copper (I) oxide, Bordeaux mixture, EFSA Guidance Document on the risk assessment of plant protection products on bees (, Peer review report to the conclusion regarding the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance copper compounds, Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for copper, Guidance on tiered risk assessment for plant protection products for aquatic organisms in edge‐of‐field surface waters, Scientific Opinion on the effect assessment for pesticides on sediment organisms in edge‐of‐field surface water, Residues: guidance for generating and reporting methods of analysis in support of pre‐registration data requirements for Annex II (Part A, Section 4) and Annex III (Part A, Section 5) of Directive 91/414, Technical material and preparations: guidance for generating and reporting methods of analysis in support of pre‐ and post‐registration data requirements for Annex II (Part A, Section 4) and Annex III (Part A, Section 5) of Directive 91/414, Guidance Document on Terrestrial Ecotoxicology Under Council Directive 91/414/EEC. During the current Peer Review, the experts have confirmed the previous assessment, and no changes in the ADI are proposed. [4][5][6][10], Paratacamite is another Cu2(OH)3Cl polymorph that was named for the Atacama Desert in Chile. In fact, most of paratacamite crystals studied contain significant amounts of Zn or Ni (>2 wt%) (Figure 3). Commission Regulation (EU) No 546/2011 of 10 June 2011 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards uniform principles for evaluation and authorisation of plant protection products. The majority of copper in the sediment was found to be bound to solid matter.


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