Encyclopedia.com. ... Dutch Revolt 1568 - 1648. . This agreement, called the "Pacification of Ghent," was quickly ratified by the various Provincial States in reaction to the "Spanish Fury," the violent mutiny of the Spanish troops at Antwerp on 4 November 1576, in which about eight thousand people were killed. After 1625 the Dutch, under Prince Frederick Henry of Orange, reversed an early trend of Spanish successes and scored significant victories. The commerce of Spain herself met with stiff competition from the Dutch, and the Dutch and the Spanish found each other drawn to differing Who should replace him became the problem that the States-General would need to solve. Philip II appointed the arrogant duke of Alba to restore order in the Dutch territory along with 10,000 troops. The search for foreign help in the face of what was amounting to a Spanish reconquest brought the States-General's gaze, once again, to focus on England. By the time the Twelve Years' Truce finally expired in 1621, Philip III was dead, and pro-war factions on both sides called for renewed hostilities. One minister referred to these nobles not as petitioners, but as les gueux, 'the Beggars', a name that became a badge of honor. Only the nobles who remained loyal to Philip survived unscathed. Spanish tr…, The Dutch statesman William the Silent (1533-1584), or William I, Prince of Orange and Count of Nassau, led the revolt of the Low Countries against S…, William of Orange (1533–1584) For Philip II the English involvement in the revolt could only be viewed as an act of war. It is not clear, however, if this meant that their liberties would be compromised. Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World. He was never particularly popular and never received the dignities he expected, so he returned to France in the summer of 1583. Manchester, U.K., 1993. The Spanish successfully captured rebel cities such as Haarlem and Brill in 1573. The area concerned was part of the Habsburg Empire and known as the Spanish Netherlands. Alessandro Farnese The naval battle was a crushing de…, Dutch Participation in the American Revolution, Dutchess Community College: Narrative Description, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dutch-revolt-1568-1648, Isabel Clara Eugenia and Albert of Habsburg (Isabel Clara Eugenia, 1566–1633; Albert of Habsburg, 1559–1621).
Philip appointed his half-brother, Don Juan of Austria (1547–1578), to replace Requesens as governor-general of the Netherlands. Because of this duplicity, the Catholic nobles from the southern Low Countries arranged for the Austrian Archduke Matthias (1557–1619) to replace Don Juan as governor-general, but this arrangement was never recognized by Philip II. But by then neither side expected to triumph over the other. Hundred Years War 1337 - 1453. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. …the “revolt”) that triggered the Eighty Years’ War (1568–1648). Renaissance Quarterly 43 (1990): 570–590.

For the nobility, this was one more affront to their authority. The time had come for the peace process suggested by Henry IV of France (ruled 1589–1610): both sides agreed to a Twelve Years' Truce in Antwerp on 9 April 1609. 2. The various provinces of the Low Countries (Netherlands) were never really united into a distinct country prior to the late sixteenth century. Although she issued a decree of "moderation," the damage had been done; Calvinists had already begun flouting the laws, and preaching in the Netherlands had reached a fever pitch by late spring 1566. Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dutch-revolt-1568-1648, "Dutch Revolt (1568–1648) By April 1566 as many as four hundred lesser nobles, all supporters of the Compromise, assembled at Brussels to present their petition to Margaret. sides of the political developments of early-seventeenth-century Europe. . During his reign Spain was engaged in foreign wars and torn by internal revolt. Due to lack of pay, the Spanish army mutinied several times, abandoning their garrisons and leaving them open to rebel forces. experiencing a grand accumulation of uprisings. His plans for an invasion in 1572 included a thrust from the east with his German army and from the south by a Huguenot army with a naval assault from England by the unruly Sea Beggars. The iconoclast movement itself, which had raged across the country like a storm, had already shown a deep-rooted resistance that had many causes and was brought to a head by Alba’s measures.…, The war resumed in 1621 under Maurice’s leadership. Negotiations were drawn out for several years, with the two combatants only slowly making concessions. Most of the land-based forces could not take the field until July. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Don Juan died of the plague in October, and Philip appointed Parma as governor of the Netherlands. The sack of Antwerp (November 4, 1576) by Spanish troops during the Eighty Years' War. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Probably the most important move toward centralization prior to the revolt was taken by Emperor Charles V (ruled 1519–1556) when he succeeded in having his "seventeen provinces" of the Netherlands united as a single entity by agreement of the States-General (parliament) to his Pragmatic Sanction in 1549. Rowan, Herbert H. "The Dutch Revolt: What Kind of Revolution?"

By the Twelve Years’ Truce, begun in 1609, the Dutch frontiers were secured. Talks between William's supporters and Catholic loyalists began at Ghent in October 1576. 't Hart, Marjolein C. The Making of a Bourgeois State: War, Politics and Finance during the Dutch Revolt. But his victory touch was gone, and the republic appeared to be in danger when the great fortress of Breda, on the southern frontier, fell to the Spaniards in 1625. The southern provinces of Hainault and Artois created the Union of Arras (later joined by Walloon Flanders), which reconciled itself to the rule of Philip II on 6 April 1579. Cambridge, U.K., 1992. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).
(2001) Describe and analyze how overseas expansion by European states affected global trade and The eventual outcome of the revolt was decided for the most part by 1609, when the combatants agreed to the Twelve Years' Truce, but the war between the United Provinces of the Netherlands (Dutch Republic) and the Kingdom of Spain did not officially come to an end until both parties agreed to the Peace of Münster, which was part of the Peace of Westphalia, in 1648. Coordination failed, and the Sea Beggars, who had been expelled from their English bases, moved too soon. During his reign the Spanish Empire was severely challenged and its economic, social, and…, Philip IV (1605-1665) was king of Spain from 1621 to 1665. In the 15th century, the Netherlands had been Spain's most profitable land. A terrified Margaret acquiesced to the repeated demands of the Beggars and agreed to an "Accord" permitting Protestant worship in the parts of the Low Countries where it was already being practiced. The Dutch, freed of the need to fight an expensive war with Spain, were able to build up a powerful economy. Within the year the financial crisis had become acute, Requesens had died, and despite a Spanish victory over Zierikzee in Zeeland, the Spanish could not make their payroll and the troops mutinied once again. While many of the nobles accepted the change (with considerable grumbling), William of Orange and a few others refused. By the end of April, Flushing was also in Beggar hands. William's brother, Count Louis of Nassau (1538–1574), sent In January 1579 the northern provinces (Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Friesland, Gelderland, and Ommelanden) concluded the Union of Utrecht, effectively establishing the United Provinces. Darby, Graham, ed. Spain’s concurrent enterprises against England and France at this time, however, allowed the republic to begin a counteroffensive. Maurice succeeded in recapturing many of the northern towns lost to Spain at just the time that Philip II ordered Parma's army to intervene in the civil war in France, where Parma died in 1592. 2nd ed. 1.

North mainly Germanic and Dutch speaking culture, while South tied to France. It was in the pursuit of this war that the Spanish empire in Europe eventually foundered.…. The tensions that led to open revolt, however, had much earlier origins. Reprint, 1980. New York, 1958. He spent the next year fighting for the Huguenots in France. The Origins and Development of the Dutch Revolt. An agreement, formalized in the Treaty of Nonsuch on 20 August 1585, was forged between the English and the States-General, allowing Elizabeth I to appoint a governor-general for the Netherlands and to send a large army to halt the Spanish advance. While the Dutch were largely Protestant, Charles V and Philip II of Spain attempted to impose their Catholic ways, which didn't fare well. By 1588 the Spanish, under Alessandro Farnese (the Duke of Parma), had reconquered the southern Low Countries and stood poised for a death blow against the nascent Dutch Republic in the north. ." DUTCH REVOLT (1568–1648). William was right to be concerned about Don Juan's intentions. ap euro!? Thus the nobility had an important role to play in government.


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